Anesthesia Technologist Practice Exam

During a rapid sequence induction, an elevated ETCO2 with no inspired CO2 suggests what condition?

1. Normal ventilation

2. Patient is developing malignant hyperthermia

3. Airway obstruction

4. Hypoventilation

The correct answer is: Patient is developing malignant hyperthermia

In the context of rapid sequence induction, an elevated end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) level combined with no inspired carbon dioxide (i.e., no CO2 being inhaled) is indicative of a specific physiological response. In this situation, the patient may be experiencing a condition characterized by altered metabolism or inability to appropriately ventilate, such as malignant hyperthermia. Malignant hyperthermia is a hypermetabolic state that can occur in response to certain anesthetic drugs, leading to a rise in CO2 production due to increased cellular metabolism. This elevated CO2 production is not being adequately eliminated, even if there is no CO2 present in the inspired gas, which would otherwise suggest effective ventilation. Recognizing these vital signs is crucial for prompt diagnosis and intervention, as malignant hyperthermia can lead to serious complications if not addressed immediately. Levels of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) provide real-time feedback on the patient’s ventilation status, and understanding the implications of these readings helps anesthesia professionals make quick, informed decisions during the induction of anesthesia. Thus, an elevated ETCO2 in this context strongly points towards developing malignant hyperthermia.